Archives June 2023

Another great family of marble types is black marbles, which include some of the most exclusive examples in the world. The background of each of them may contain different intensities of black and veins of different colors, including white, gold, and light gray.

Marquina Black :- Is a black calcite marble. The intense black color of its base contrasts with the alternation of radiant fossil white veins. Calcite is the main mineral of this rock, present in 98%.

Due to the purity and beauty of its formidable black color, it is being used in interior design projects that are reference projects in terms of quality and exclusivity. Marquina Black enjoys the most significant international recognition.

Portoro:- Is a high-end black crystalline marble. The intense jet color of its base contains a large number of dynamic golden veins and white effervescences that seem to be in motion.This exclusive natural stone is the most expensive black marble in the world.

Black Mirage:- Is a black calcite marble. The tone of its base is reminiscent of obsidian because, in some points, it acquires toasted nuances.

Black Dune :- Has a black background with profuse linear stretch marks with filamentous character.

Black marble :-  Blue Violet seems to be sculpted by the particular morphology of its countless white veins.

Saint Laurent :- Considered a semi-precious stone, Saint Laurent is a coppery black marble from France. Its dark crystalline background contains delicate brown, gold, and white veins touched by occasional notes of coral color.It is a perfect natural stone for design elements and for interior cladding.

The Grey marble incorporates neutral tones that cover different ranges of colors. Its chromatic scale ranges from pearl tones through silver and grey ochre to graffiti such as mole. It is mainly used in places that aspire to transmit calm and serenity.

Pietra Grey :- Is a grey calcite marble. It has a very uniform and compact appearance. It shuffles coals and graphite subtly and alternates thin white streaks with barely noticeable slate-colored linear glazes.

Pacific Grey :-  Has a gentle grey background and the ability to capture light and its millimeter thin white veins to reflect it.

Fior di Bosco :-  Is a grey marble with a non-porous surface. Its sober background mixes leaden and smoky tones. It contains a burst of fine arborescent veins alternating white and amber colors. Occasionally some orange striations appear.

Picasso Grey :-  Is the trade name of a unique white greyish calcite marble. It has a pearly background intertwined with a large number of grey veins but also mole and amber, of different thicknesses, which again intertwine with each other.The Picasso Gray marble is used in design pieces and large-format cladding, for example in outstanding luxury interiors.

Beige marble:-  Preserves the luminosity of light colors but incorporates chromatic warmth thanks to its toasted tones. It can contain brighter streaks than its base or darker streaks, radically changing the appearance of each variety.

Moscato Beige :- Is a light beige marble. It is calcitic, and it has a homogeneous background. A combination of soft toasted colors compose its base. The veins partially cover the surface and are pearly and brighter compared to the base.

Boticcino :- Is a beige calcitic marble. Its soft beige base contains light golden streaks and white shadows that suggest the movement of the sea foam.The Boticcino cream marble has an Italian origin, specifically from the borders between Lombardy and Veneto. Faithful to the classic aesthetics of Italian marbles, it manages to delight us with its timelessness.

Premium Beige :- Is the trade name of another calcite marble. It has a background that stands out because of the homogeneity and its subtle beige tone. Its surface intermingles white and notions of broken white offering the possibility of creating luminous environments without the need to resort to pure white. With a clean and crisp appearance, it is commonly used in interior coverings such as bathrooms, kitchens, worktops, and showers.

Travertines :-  Have natural colors such as sand, earth, beige and soft ochre. Depending on the type of cut, they can acquire different appearances. The treatment of their holes also influences the aesthetics and final textures.

There is a wide range of white marble types. The chromatic uniformity of its base, the type of grain, and the thickness, as well as drawing of its veins, are characteristic and unique to each variety.

Thassos White :- Is a white dolomite marble. It has a crystalline base and is recognized worldwide for being one of the whitest marbles around the world.Its name is inspired by the Greek island of Thassos, a paradise famous for its white houses and sands. Saliara beach on the island of Thassos is known as the “marble beach” for its clarity and transparency.

Calacatta :-Is a natural stone from Italy. It is a calcitic white marble. It has a very peculiar chromatism, in which broken white and very fine light grey veins are punctually dotted with tiny amber and golden notes.This Italian variety has lasted for centuries and is the protagonist of many relevant architectural projects dated in the period of classical Rome, the Renaissance and the Baroque. Nowadays, it is considered a luxury marble and dresses the interiors of large residential or hotel projects.

Lilac :- Is a white calcite marble. It has a slightly greyish-white base. The veins that furrow this marble have an arborescent morphology and combine tones ranging from black to violet.

Bianco Lasa :- Is a white calcite marble. It has a white crystalline base and distinctly linear bluish-grey veins. The soft combination of whites and greys punctually intersperses one or two prominent thick black vein.

Calacatta Gold:- Is a white calcite marble with a timeless aesthetic. It exhibits a sublime off-white base with outlined golden and grey streaks of different thicknesses.

Calacatta Lincoln :-Although it may seem like an Italian variety, Calacatta Lincoln comes from Colorado, United States. It is named after the material used to build the Lincoln Memorial Centre in the early 1900s in Washington, DC. Calacatta Lincoln is a white calcite marble. Its white base is glazed in smoky tones. The veins are unsettled and have a beautiful gray color that occasionally turns silver.

Bianco Carrara marble:- As its name suggests, comes from the Carrara quarries in the Tosco-Emilian Apennines. Its homogeneous greyish white base is composed of fine, shiny particles. Its veins are grey in color and are distributed over the surface as capillaries. There are different classifications of Bianco Carrara, and its level of whiteness defines each group.
It is one of the most famous marbles in the world, both today and in the distant past, through the Renaissance and Baroque. Michelangelo Buonarroti used Carrara White marble to sculpt the famous sculpture of David.

Statuarietto:-  Is extracted in Carrara as well. It is a unique compact white, medium-fine grain marble. Its white base intermingles shades of pale grey and alborea indigo. The veins present a bluish grey tonality.It is ideal to be used for interior floors and walls, as well as kitchen worktops.

Arabescato :- Breccia is a white calcitic marble. Its particular breccia morphology offers a beautiful game of contrasts between the white background and the grey and brown veins.

Macael White:- Is a famous Spanish white marble. It is extracted in the region of Macael (Almeria, Spain) which is also the origin of its name. Macael White is the protagonist in great architectural projects of the history and art of Spain. An example of this is the Patio de Los Leones of the Alhambra Palace (Granada).Blanco Macael marble is calcitic, has a coarse grain, and a uniform appearance alternating white and grey shades in the form of glazes. Calcite is the main mineral of this natural stone (98%), including as additional components quartz, muscovite and mineral opaques.

Marble, granular limestone or dolomite (i.e., rock composed of calcium-magnesium carbonate) that has been recrystallized under the influence of heat, pressure, and aqueous solutions. Commercially, it includes all decorative calcium-rich rocks that can be polished, as well as certain serpentines (verd antiques).
Petrographically marbles are massive rather than thin-layered and consist of a mosaic of calcite grains that rarely show any traces of crystalline form under the microscope. They are traversed by minute cracks that accord with the rhombohedral cleavage (planes of fracture that intersect to yield rhombic forms) of calcite. In the more severely deformed rocks, the grains show stripes and may be elongated in a particular direction or even crushed.
Marbles often occur interbedded with such metamorphic rocks as mica schists, phyllites, gneisses, and granulites and are most common in the older layers of Earth’s crust that have been deeply buried in regions of extreme folding and igneous intrusion. The change from limestones rich in fossils into true marbles in such metamorphic regions is a common phenomenon; occasionally, as at Carrara, Italy, and at Bergen, Norway, recrystallization of the rock has not completely obliterated the organic structures.
Most of the white and gray marbles of Alabama, Georgia, and western New England, and that from Yule, Colorado, are recrystallized rocks, as are a number of Greek and Italian statuary marbles famous from antiquity, which are still quarried. These include the Parian marble, the Pentelic marble of Attica in which Phidias, Praxiteles, and other Greek sculptors executed their principal works, and the snow-white Carrara marble used by Michelangelo and Antonio Canova and favoured by modern sculptors. The exterior of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., is of Tennessee marble, and the Lincoln Memorial contains marbles from Yule, Colorado, Alabama (roof transparencies), and Georgia (Lincoln statue).

Uses:- 

Marbles are used principally for buildings and monuments, interior decoration, statuary, table tops, and novelties. Colour and appearance are their most important qualities. Resistance to abrasion, which is a function of cohesion between grains as well as the hardness of the component minerals, is important for floor and stair treads. The ability to transmit light is important for statuary marble, which achieves its lustre from light penetrating from about 12.7 to 38 mm (0.5 to 1.5 inches) from where it is reflected at the surfaces of deeper lying crystals. Brecciated, coloured marbles, onyx marble, and verd antique are used principally for interior decoration and for novelties. Statuary marble, the most valuable variety, must be pure white and of uniform grain size. For endurance in exterior use, marble should be uniform and nonporous to prevent the entrance of water that might discolour the stone or cause disintegration by freezing. It also should be free from impurities such as pyrite that might lead to staining or weathering. Calcite marbles that are exposed to atmospheric moisture made acid by its contained carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and other gases maintain a relatively smooth surface during weathering; but dolomite limestone may weather with an irregular, sandy surface from which the dolomite crystals stand out.
The main mineral in marbles is calcite, and this mineral’s variation in hardness, light transmission, and other properties in divers directions has many practical consequences in preparing some marbles. Calcite crystals are doubly refractive—they transmit light in two directions and more light in one direction; slabs prepared for uses in which translucency is significant are therefore cut parallel to that direction. Bending of marble slabs has been attributed to the directional thermal expansion of calcite crystals on heating.

Quarrying:-

The use of explosives in the quarrying of marble is limited because of the danger of shattering the rock. Instead, channeling machines that utilize chisel-edged steel bars make cuts about 5 cm (2 inches) wide and a few metres deep. Wherever possible, advantage is taken of natural joints already present in the rock, and cuts are made in the direction of easiest splitting, which is a consequence of the parallel elongation of platy or fibrous minerals. The marble blocks outlined by joints and cuts are separated by driving wedges into drill holes. Mill sawing into slabs is done with sets of parallel iron blades that move back and forth and are fed by sand and water. The marble may be machined with lathes and carborundum wheels and is then polished with increasingly finer grades of abrasive. Even with the most careful quarrying and manufacturing methods, at least half of the total output of marble is waste. Some of this material is made into chips for terrazzo flooring and stucco wall finish. In various localities it is put to most of the major uses for which high-calcium limestone is suitable.

1. Black Granite–

Black granite is a type of granite that is usually dark in color with a speckled or flaky appearance.
Black Granite typically ranges from about Rs 80-900 per square foot.
Black Granite is typically more durable than other stones and is less likely to chip or shatter.
Black Granite is a popular choice for exterior home and commercial building doors, countertops, flooring, and other applications where a luxurious look and feel is desired.
Types of Black Granite- Absolute black granite, galaxy black granite, Black pearl granite, Telphone black granite, and many others.

2. Brown Granite-

Brown granite is a type of granite that has a reddish-brown color. It is a popular choice for areas exposed to a lot of sunlight.
Brown Granite typically ranges from about Rs 65-850 per square foot.
Brown Granite is the stone for you if you want a subtle addition to your interior design or landscaping landscape.
Brown Granite is popular for countertops, flooring, backsplashes, lobby areas, vanity tops, and balconies.
Types of Brown Granite- Brown Lappato granite, Atlantic brown granite, Antique brown granite, Tan brown granite, and many others.

3. Green Granite-

Green granite is a beautiful natural stone that adds slightly natural beauty where you put it.
Green Granite typically ranges from about Rs 130-550 per square foot.
Green Granite might be the perfect option if you’re looking for a natural way to add color and texture to your home.
You can use Green Granite for everything from countertops to flooring, and it’s an environmentally friendly choice that will look great in any room.
Types of Green Granite- Green pearl granite, kuppam green granite, Pista green granite, and many more.

4. White Granite-

White granite is a strong, versatile, beautiful natural stone that gives any surface a refined, elegant, and clean-lined look.
White Granite typically ranges from about Rs 60-1800 per square foot.
White Granite is an extremely popular option for bathroom and kitchen countertops.
White Granite can be used for flooring, window sills, countertops, Exterior walls, etc.
Types of White Granite – Alaska white granite, biscotti white granite, colonial white granite, ice white granite, Kashmir white granite, and many others.

5. Red Granite-

Red granite is a type of granite famous for its deep red color. It is one of the most popular types because of its beautiful color and unique texture.
Red Granite typically ranges from about Rs 65-300 per square foot.
Red Granite is popular for countertops due to its high wear resistance. Its solid surface makes it perfect for displaying food or beverages, and its tough exterior prevents damage from spills.
Red Granite is most commonly used for countertops, flooring, garden features, walkways and steps, and other ornamental applications.
Types of Red Granite – Alaska Red granite, Gem Red Granite, Maple Red Granite, Lakha Red Granite, Red Galaxy granite, and many more.

6. Gold Granite-

Gold granite is an impressive natural stone. This popular natural stone will add a dash of color and brightness to your home.
Gold Granite prices range from about Rs 68 to 900 per square foot.
Gold Granite is also very popular for its natural appearance and ability to create an elegant and sophisticated atmosphere.
Gold Granite is used for countertops, flooring, backsplashes, walls, outdoor patio surfaces, and other decorative applications.
Types of Gold Granite – Alaska Gold granite, Bhama Gold granite, Golden Fantasy granite, Golden Oro Exotic granite, Ivory Gold granite, Madura Gold granite, and many more.

7. Grey Granite-

Grey Granite is a beautiful natural stone option for those who want a pleasing neutral color for their homes.
Grey Granite typically ranges from about Rs 80-250 per square foot.
Grey Granite is ideal for areas with a lot of traffic or contact.
Grey Granite is used for countertops, flooring, and other decorative applications. It can blend in with other materials, making it a popular choice for patios and decks.
Types of Grey Granite- Adhunik Grey granite, Alaska Grey granite, Grey Bordeaux granite, Grey Milano granite, Irish Grey granite, and many others.

8. Premium Range Granite-

Premium Range Granite is designed for high-end luxury spaces, which are a little expensive compared to other granites.
Prices for Premium Range Granite typically range from about Rs 105-2000 per square foot.
Premium Range Granite is available in different colors, and all are expensive and specially made for super luxury homes and hotels where high-end interiors are needed.
Types of Vanity Range Granite– Labradorite Blue Granite, Volga Black Granite, Volga Blue Granite, Blue Pearl Granite, and others.

Granite, coarse- or medium-grained intrusive igneous rock that is rich in quartz and feldspar; it is the most common plutonic rock of the Earth’s crust, forming by the cooling of magma (silicate melt) at depth.
Learn about the use of gamma-ray spectroscopy to identify the quarry that was the source of granite found in ancient Roman ruins Learn about the use of gamma-ray spectroscopy to identify the quarry that was the source of granite found in ancient Roman ruins See all videos for this article Because of its use as paving block and as a building stone, the quarrying of granite was, at one time, a major industrial activity. Except for tombstones, however, for which there is a continuing demand, the present production of granite is geared to the fluctuating market for curbing in highway construction and veneer used in the facing of large industrial and commercial buildings.
Granite may occur in dikes or sills (tabular bodies injected in fissures and inserted between other rocks), but more characteristically it forms irregular masses of extremely variable size, ranging from less than eight kilometres (five miles) in maximum dimension to larger masses (batholiths) that are often hundreds or thousands of square kilometres in area.
The principal constituent of granite is feldspar. Both plagioclase feldspar and alkali feldspar are usually abundant in it, and their relative abundance has provided the basis for granite classifications. In most granite, the ratio of the dominant to the subdominant feldspar is less than two. This includes most granites from the eastern, central, and southwestern United States, southwestern England, the Fennoscandian (Baltic Shield) area, western and central France, Spain, and many other areas. Granites in which plagioclase greatly exceeds alkali feldspar are common in large regions of the western United States and are thought to be characteristic of the great series of batholiths stretching from Alaska and British Columbia southward through Idaho and California into Mexico. Granites with a great excess of alkali feldspar over plagioclase are known from New England; they occur in smaller bodies at numerous sites in British Paleogene and Neogene rocks and in the Oslo region of Norway, but their most extensive development is in northern Nigeria.
Rocks containing less than 20 percent quartz are almost never named granite, and rocks containing more than 20 percent (by volume) of dark, or ferromagnesian, minerals are also seldom called granite. The minor essential minerals of granite may include muscovite, biotite, amphibole, or pyroxene. Biotite may occur in granite of any type and is usually present, though sometimes in very small amounts. The sodic-amphiboles and pyroxenes (riebeckite, arfvedsonite, aegirine) are characteristic of the alkali granites. If neither feldspar is in great excess, neither amphibole nor pyroxene is likely to be an essential constituent; the other minerals will then ordinarily be either biotite or muscovite, or both.
There are two major source regions for producing molten granite: igneous and sedimentary protoliths (source rocks). These result in I-type granitoids, derived from igneous protoliths and containing moderate amounts of Al2O3 and high amounts of Na2O, and S-type granitoids, derived from sedimentary protoliths and containing high amounts of Al2O3 and relatively low amounts of Na2O. Amphibole and pyroxene are more common in I-type granitoids, while S-type granitoids may have garnet, cordierite, and sillimanite. Both types of granitoids may also contain biotite and muscovite.

Granite: One Of The Most Durable Materials Known To Man.”You might have seen granite as a stone in your local or national park, or maybe you’ve seen it on your kitchen countertops. Granite is a rock created when quartz and feldspar met in the Earth’s crust. It has been durable and aesthetic for centuries because it is strong, resistant to scratches and stains, and has a natural look. Plus, It is very affordable when compared to other materials.

It is also available on the market in many different colors and styles. It is a popular choice for consumers, who often utilize it in the kitchen, bathroom, and countertops. Granite has become one of the main choices for countertops and flooring. It is a durable and long-lasting material that can handle heavy impacts, making it an excellent choice for your home. The Granite Price starts from Rs 60-2000 Per Square Foot.

Benefits Of Granite:-
Granite is durable and strong.
Granite is Affordable and has a beautiful appearance
Granite is Eco-friendly
Granite is timeless and easy to clean.
It comes in many colors and styles.
Granite is a great option for homes with kids or pets because it’s non-toxic and immune to scratches.
Granite is a heat and water-resistant material, so it can be used in places where other materials may not be safe or practical.
Granite is resistant to stains and scratches.
Granite is commonly used as a surface for countertops and other surfaces because it has a high resistance to wear and tear.
Granite’s natural appearance lends itself well to contemporary and traditional designs.

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks.
Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar (both silicates) because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth’s surface. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black. Since sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and other topographic features, certain colors of sandstone have been strongly identified with certain regions.
Rock formations that are primarily composed of sandstone usually allow the percolation of water and other fluids and are porous enough to store large quantities, making them valuable aquifers and petroleum reservoirs. Quartz-bearing sandstone can be changed into quartzite through metamorphism, usually related to tectonic compression within orogenic belts.
Sandstones are clastic in origin (as opposed to either organic, like chalk and coal, or chemical, like gypsum and jasper).The silicate sand grains from which they form are the product of physical and chemical weathering of bedrock.[7] Weathering and erosion are most rapid in areas of high relief, such as volcanic arcs, areas of continental rifting, and orogenic belts.
Eroded sand is transported by rivers or by the wind from its source areas to depositional environments where tectonics has created accommodation space for sediments to accumulate. Forearc basins tend to accumulate sand rich in lithic grains and plagioclase. Intracontinental basins and grabens along continental margins are also common environments for deposition of sand.
As sediments continue to accumulate in the depositional environment, older sand is buried by younger sediments, and it undergoes diagenesis. This mostly consists of compaction and lithification of the sand. Early stages of diagenesis, described as eogenesis, take place at shallow depths (a few tens of meters) and are characterized by bioturbation and mineralogical changes in the sands, with only slight compaction. The red hematite that gives red bed sandstones their color is likely formed during eogenesis. Deeper burial is accompanied by mesogenesis, during which most of the compaction and lithification takes place.
Compaction takes place as the sand comes under increasing pressure from overlying sediments. Sediment grains move into more compact arrangements, ductile grains (such as mica grains) are deformed, and pore space is reduced. In addition to this physical compaction, chemical compaction may take place via pressure solution. Points of contact between grains are under the greatest strain, and the strained mineral is more soluble than the rest of the grain. As a result, the contact points are dissolved away, allowing the grains to come into closer contact.
Lithification follows closely on compaction, as increased temperatures at depth hasten deposition of cement that binds the grains together. Pressure solution contributes to cementing, as the mineral dissolved from strained contact points is redeposited in the unstrained pore spaces.Mechanical compaction takes place primarily at depths less than 1,000 meters (3,300 ft). Chemical compaction continues to depths of 2,000 meters (6,600 ft), and most cementation takes place at depths of 2,000–5,000 meters (6,600–16,400 ft).
Unroofing of buried sandstone is accompanied by telogenesis, the third and final stage of diagenesis. As erosion reduces the depth of burial, renewed exposure to meteoric water produces additional changes to the sandstone, such as dissolution of some of the cement to produce secondary porosity.

A stone is a piece of rock. It is a mass of hard, compacted mineral. The word is often used to mean a small piece of rock.
The word “stone” also refers to natural rock as a material, especially a building material. Natural stones used as building material include granite, marble and sandstone. Manufactured, artificial products, such as concrete or clay bricks, are not stone.
Stone takes a while to heat up, and stays hot for a while. It does not conduct electricity well Stone was one of the first materials used to make tools and buildings. It is a very sturdy material. It is less affected by weather than wood or brick. Depending on the type of rock, stone weathers away much more slowly. A stone in the river is reshaped by the water and sediment flowing around it. Stones can be used as primitive weapons. A person can throw it at an enemy or animal, or use it to cause more damage in hand-to-hand combat.A stone is larger than a grain of sand, gravel or pebbles. A boulder is a large rock or stone.

Common Characteristics of Historic Stone

Due to its strength and durability, stone has been a key element in all types of buildings and structures since the beginning of architecture and construction. Not only is it a particularly useful element, but the wide variety of colors and textures of stonework found all over the world gives rise to an extensive list of various aesthetics. Many common characteristics of historic stone fall from this commonality of strength and beauty among different types of stone.
Since stone is difficult to transport due to size and weight, stones will often be sourced relatively close to the area in which the building is to be constructed. Consequently, specific characteristics of stone will vary depending upon the region in which the stone is found. For example, igneous rock is found near volcanic activity and differs from sedimentary rock which is found near water sources. Accordingly, the different types of stone which come from igneous rock will have different specific characteristics than the stones which are by nature sedimentary.
However, there are general qualities which are characteristic of all stone. Some common characteristics include appearance, weight, durability, strength, hardness, porosity, and resistance to fire and electricity. It is important to take these and other characteristics into account when constructing or restoring a historic building. Misunderstanding stonework can result in more harm than good when it comes to restoration or new design.

Common Characteristics

Appearance:- When it comes to historic buildings, beauty is just as important as strength. For this reason, it is vitally important to choose a stone that will fit with the building’s overall appearance. Color, warm or cool tones, texture, and pattern are all important factors that play a part in choosing the right stone.

Weight:-A stone’s weight affects its strength and durability. Although heaviness makes transportation difficult, it is a distinguishing factor of stone which cannot be found in other architectural elements. It can withstand immense weathering and wear in a way that wood or other architectural elements cannot. Granite is among the heaviest stones which has been used throughout the centuries.

Durability:-The durability of stone is primarily due to its compactness and homogeneity. This means that the minuscule particles of the stone are very close together and generally all the particles are of the same material. The compactness of the stone results in little room for absorbing liquids which is ideal since absorption will cause cracking and other damage to stone.

Strength:-Due to its durability and weight, stone is the strongest material used in the construction world. Structures made with a high percentage of stone last hundreds of years or longer and are capable of withstanding severe weathering and earthquakes.

Hardness:-Another useful characteristic is stone’s hardness which again is due to its high compactness and enables the stone to resist damage from scratching or chipping. This quality gives stone a brand-new appearance years after it is built.

Porosity:- Stones should not be porous since water and other liquids can seep in and cause the stone to expand and crack. Low porosity results in little absorption and therefore lasting and sturdy historic structures.

Resistance:- Stone is also highly resistant to fire and electricity due to its compactness. This immensely adds to its lasting value and durability.

Since stone is so valuable in the architecture world, the importance of identifying and caring for historic stone cannot be emphasized enough. A few simple measures taken to conserve or prevent wear and cracking will go a long way and will be worth the time, money, and effort for years to come.

Canning is highly experienced in cleaning, conserving, and restoring historic stonework. Some examples of the company’s work include the restoration of stone and marble at the Barker Library Dome, MIT as well as St. Mary’s Chapel in Boston which involved removing the surface soot and dirt, carbon stains, and efflorescence without damaging or altering the stone’s appearance or strength.

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