What is Column ? TYPES OF COLUMN

What is Column?

• We knew that in a framed structure A vertical structural member which can transmit the load from the slab, beam along with its self-weight to the foundation is called column.
• Why we provide column?
  • Columns carry axial loads and therefore are designed for compression.
  • Other loads from snow, wind or other horizontal forces can cause bending in the columns.
  • We shall build up a small size structure by RR masonry at a certain height but the multi-story building cannot be constructed by RR masonry because the structure can able to transmit the heavy load to the foundation.
  • Basically, a column designed to distribute the compressive axial load & additional forces like snow, wind to the foundation eventually & it could be sustained the structure even in the earthquake or any other force majeure.
  • Column- Based on Shape & Reinforcement
    1. Square/Rectangular Column
    2. Composite/Encased Column
    3. Circular Column
    4. Y Type Column
    5. T Type Column
    6. L Type Column

    Square/Rectangular Column

    • Most of the building structure was constructed by square or rectangular column. Significantly both are having same components and it is differ based on its architect view.
    • These type of column was economically good and easy to do shuttering, placing reinforcement & Concrete.
    • Composite/Encased Column
      • A vertical structural element, with a combination of steel section & concrete it is called as encased or composite column.
      • The composite column mostly provided for truss structure to avoid the steel corroded by any type of chemical.

      Circular Column

      • The bending resistant is higher than square/rectangular column.
      • It occupies the lesser area.
      • Square/rectangular column reinforcement minimum 4 nos of steel will be places in the corner but in a circular column provide more than 4 nos.
      • Mostly in building circular column provided for the aesthetic purpose.
      • Economically it is little high to compare to square or rectangular column.
      • Y-type Column
        • These type of column mostly using for bridges construction.
        • The design of bridges to sustain the dead load of the structure & live load of the vehicle motion, the load was eventually distributed to the column.
        • T-type Column
          • These type of column having same features like square/Rectangular type column.
          • Mostly it was provided along with retaining wall or boundary wall based on design requirement.
          • L-type Column
            • The L type column has used in boundary wall construction and heavy type L column was used in the turning of metro rail or bridges construction.

            Column- Based on Load

            1. Axial Load Column
            2. Uniaxial Load Column
            3. Bi-Axial Load Column
            4. Eccentric Load Column

            Axial Load Column

            • The entire load passes through the centre axis of the column which coincides with the X-axis, it is called Axial Load.
            • The load shall be either compression or tensile load.

            Uniaxial Load Column

            • The eccentric load act on either X axis or Y axis it is called Uni axial load column.

            Bi-Axial Load Column

            • The eccentric load act on either X axis or Y axis it is called Uni axial load column.

            Eccentric Load Column

            • The load shall pass parallel to the centre axis of the member but act on its cross-section that’s called Eccentric load.

            Column- Based on Slenderness Ratio

            • The length of the column divided by its radius of gyration, it is called slenderness ratio of the column.
            • The slenderness ratio is used to find out the buckling stress of the column.
            1. Long Column
            2. Short Column

            Long Column

            • Slenderness ratio of the column is greater than 12 it is called long column.
            • The column may fail on both compression & buckling load.

            Short Column

            • Slenderness ratio of the column is less than 12 it is called short column.
            • The sort column may fail by compression stress.